Framed+Structures

Framed Structures

Ainara Ricchiutti Soriana Alvarez Teresa Tam


 * Structural function.** Requirements


 * • Physical actions
 * • Mass
 * • Inertia forces
 * • Dimensional changes
 * • Stable
 * • Resist basic charges
 * • Overload withstand foreseeable
 * • Earthquakes


 * Structural objective**
 * • Limiting deformations
 * • Vibrations prevent
 * • The passage of time.


 * Structural typology**

We are refering to its geometry, depending mainly on its use, taking into account the maximum material efficiency, and minimum obstruction space.


 * Framed Structure**

A framed structure in any material is one that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand by itself as a rigid structure without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Materials such as wood, steel, and reinforced concrete, which are strong in both tension and compression.

**The constituent elements**
 * The surface elements**

Function is to cover the surface.


 * Horizontal linear elements**

For concrete to steel is the width and thickness.


 * The vertical elements**

Area and shape.


 * Structural material**

The tensile modulus elasticity.


 * Heavy timber frame**

The heavy timber frame, in which large posts, spaced relatively far apart, support thick floors and roof beams. In the heavy-timber system, the beams are strong enough to allow the upper story and roof to project beyond the plane of the ground-floor posts, increasing the space and weather protection. The members are usually exposed on the exterior.


 * American light wood frame** (**balloon frame)**

Composed of many small and closely spaced members that could be handled easily and assembled quickly by nailing instead of by the slow joinery and dowelling of the past. Construction is similar in the two systems, since they are both based on the post-and-lintel principle. Posts must rest on a level, waterproof foundation, usually composed of masonry or concrete, on which the sill (base member) is attached.


 * The light frame**

The light frame, however, is sheathed with vertical or horizontal boarding or shingling, which is jointed or overlapped for weather protection. Sheathing helps to brace as well as to protect the frame, so the frame is not structurally independent as in steel frame construction. The light frame system has not been significantly improved since its introduction, and it lags behind other modern techniques.


 * Steel framing**

Steel framing is based on the same principle but is much simplified by the far greater strength of the material, which provides **more rigidity** with fewer members. The load-bearing capacity of steel is adopted for buildings many times higher than those made of other materials. Because the column and beam are fused by riveting or welding, stresses are distributed between them, and both can be longer and lighter than in structures in which they work independently as post-and-lintel.